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Despite these advances, translation of such systems from the laboratory to a clinical environment is yet to occur and yield the diagnostic revolution often promised. (8) This method of target analyte detection has proven successful in various laboratory-based setups. The potential applications are vast, with target analytes ranging from bacterial nucleic acids associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR), (1−3) circulating tumor DNA sequences (ctDNA), (4,5) single nucleotide polymorphisms, (6,7) and recent detection of clinically relevant concentrations of biomarkers for SARS CoV-2 with aptasensors.

This approach serves as a practical method for addressing strict sensitivity requirements necessary for a low-cost point-of-care device. Additionally, this sensor design proved capable of achieving a high degree of strand selectivity in a challenging DNA-rich environment. This allowed for an improvement in the sensor limit of detection by two orders of magnitude compared to a conventional label-free e-DNA biosensor design and linearity for target concentrations between 10 pM and 1 nM without the requirement for probe labeling or enzymatic support. Here, we report a strategy for the amplification of electrochemical signals associated with DNA hybridization, by harnessing the programmability of the DNA origami method to construct a sandwich assay to boost charge transfer resistance ( R CT) associated with target detection. Such an approach provides a powerful method of sample analysis, with a strong potential to generate a rapid time to result in response to low analyte concentrations. The dictionary is frequently being updated and it works both online and offline.Electrochemical DNA (e-DNA) biosensors are feasible tools for disease monitoring, with their ability to translate hybridization events between a desired nucleic acid target and a functionalized transducer, into recordable electrical signals. Scientific words, medical words, geology, geography, biology, anatomy, chemistry, physics, literature, computing, psychology and linguistics words were included and precisely translated to Hausa.Įnjoy your stay here and also contribute to its growth by linking to us or inform others about this website.

However this website came along with English to Hausa learning resources designed specifically for native Hausa wishing to learn English as second language. We provide English & Hausa bilingual usage sentences, description images, audio pronunciations of all Hausa words, pluralization of Hausa words, and origins of Hausa words derived from Arabic or English.

#DEFNE ELUCIDATE HOW TO#

We specified British Audio and IPA pronunciation of any English word for those wishing to know how to pronounce a particular word. We included hausa descriptions of complex and ambiguous definitions The website/app provide definition of any existing English or Hausa word and phrase.Įach words came along with parts of speech. is an online/offline English to Hausa And Hausa to English comprehensive bilingual Dictionary (or Kamus in Hausa) containing thousands of British and American English words/phrases and Abbreviations.

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